["itemContainer",{"xmlns:xsi":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance","xsi:schemaLocation":"http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd","uri":"https://lemonlab.wm.edu/items?sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle&output=omeka-json","accessDate":"2024-03-28T07:11:39-04:00"},["miscellaneousContainer",["pagination",["pageNumber","1"],["perPage","10"],["totalResults","73"]]],["item",{"itemId":"105","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"95"},["src","http://s3.amazonaws.com/wmit-omeka-lemonlab%2Foriginal%2Ffddd65a1844f806f9a792637a251e1f4.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIG7BW2LYNOS34VQA&Expires=1711624899&Signature=MShrCEEnj4qwiLKhD2ZQtdgf5pM%3D"],["authentication","68710e7410aca94eb11fdbedf82f1a6a"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"1"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"519"},["text","\"Henry 'Doc' Billups\" by Thomas E. Thorne"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"521"},["text","\"Henry Billups: Career and Life at the College and at Home\" panel"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"523"},["text","Commissioned by the Society of the Alumni and transferred to the Earl Gregg Swem Library"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"525"},["text","1952"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"527"},["text","painting, oil on canvas"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1039"},["text","Deborah Cornell, Head of Digital Services\r\nZach Meredith, metadata"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"205"},["name","Henry Billups"]],["tag",{"tagId":"225"},["name","painting"]],["tag",{"tagId":"227"},["name","Thomas E. Thorne"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"111","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"101"},["src","http://s3.amazonaws.com/wmit-omeka-lemonlab%2Foriginal%2Fdcd36f25c466af4a88441d399990cd0b.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIG7BW2LYNOS34VQA&Expires=1711624899&Signature=YUb6N9YGuNWeVN23r10R29F9pyY%3D"],["authentication","9fd960aebec0b942e14dc3cd8e3fde7b"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"1"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"3"},["text","The World of Henry Billups"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1560"},["text","Zach Meredith\r\nAri Weinberg\r\nJody Allen "]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"549"},["text","\"The History of Alpha Phi Alpha: A Development in College Life\" by Charles H. Wesley [Cover]"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"551"},["text","\"Creating a Space: Black Student Organizations in the Post-Jim Crow Era\" panel "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"553"},["text","The history of Alpha Phi Alpha : a development in college life\r\nCharles H. Wesley (Charles Harris), 1891-1987 LJ121 .A55 W4 2000 "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"555"},["text","book"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1045"},["text","Deborah Cornell, Head of Digital Services\r\nZach Meredith, metadata"]]]]]]]],["item",{"itemId":"155","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"173"},["src","http://s3.amazonaws.com/wmit-omeka-lemonlab%2Foriginal%2F87634ce6201604ed3e678ffeefa66d35.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIG7BW2LYNOS34VQA&Expires=1711624899&Signature=rmNQdYFbZn1eZSdndvvDQGzrJ%2BM%3D"],["authentication","a8aef135becc7f110464c349a982d33d"]],["file",{"fileId":"175"},["src","http://s3.amazonaws.com/wmit-omeka-lemonlab%2Foriginal%2Fbf6194fe07776c694d6a2de39468dbcc.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIG7BW2LYNOS34VQA&Expires=1711624899&Signature=zOZx%2F%2FvRNc%2B5AVYlLteYYkljPCc%3D"],["authentication","b1c96a4e6f8747bd248fb4fd76bb9ec7"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"19"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"667"},["text","Time Will and Should Tell All: A Century of The William & Mary Flat Hat "]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"823"},["text","800 Students Sign Poll"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"825"},["text","William and Mary students sign an opinion poll concerning integration."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"827"},["text","800 Students Sign Poll\r\n\r\nApproximately 800 students signed a statement of interest concerning the College's admissions policy which has been circulating around campus for about a week. In signing, the students expressed the opinion that the College should never consider the race, color or creed of an individual in its admission policy. \r\n\r\nInitiated by Val Simms, Jerry Van Vocrhis and Bill Thatch, the signatures, along with cover statement, were presented to President Paschall this morning.\r\n\r\n The completed opinion poll was forwarded to the President under a statement reading as follows: \"We, the undersigned, believe that admission to the College of William and Mary should be granted solely on the basis of academic excellence and personal character with no regard to the race, color or creed of the applicant.\" \r\n\r\nAccording to Thatch, the poll reached about 1800 students. \"Those who declined to sign gave as their principal reason that they felt it would do no real good,\" Thatch commented. The statement of interest failed to reach the rest of the College community because the initiators did not have sufficient time to organize. The cover statement, enlarging upon the purpose, intent and method of the circular, was written by Bonnie Barr, Val Simms and Jerry Van Vocrhis. It was written in order to insure that the communication be received in the proper perspective.\r\n\r\nOn Integration\r\n\r\nToday a list of approximately 8oo student signatures was forwarded to the President of the College appearing under the following statement of belief:”...that admission to the College of William and Mary should be granted solely on the basis of academic excellence and personal character with no regard to the race, color, or creed of the applicant.” The signatures were obtained as an opinion poll to show the willingness of the signees to accept any student, anytime, on the basis of his good character and mind. (See story page 1)\r\n\r\n This, in contrast to the tragedy of Oxford, the circus at Greenwood, and the debacle in Birmingham, speaks highly of William and Mary students. Other happenings related to students in Williamsburg have demonstrated a similarly responsible and rational approach to the matter of race relations. \r\n\r\nThus, we feel that students here have stayed within the canons of good taste, honesty and fairness. Aside from most students there seem, however, to be two lines of thought existing on the matter of how to prepare for integration— which, in years to come, will inevitably be a common fact at all institutions of higher learning. One way is characterized by a lack of classroom and other discussion on the matter, with the words negro, colored, and black becoming taboo to a certain extent. The other way is to promote classroom lectures, sensible discussion and study of the matter. We would posit that the second is far superior to the first, and that administrators and faculty members here tend to, in most circumstances, favor the first method. This, we hope, will shift.\r\n\r\nIt deserves to be re-emphasized that the opinion poll, or this editorial, is not intended as criticism of the admissions policy of the College; we have no indications whatsoever that any race discrimination has been practiced. That which we would criticize is the method of preparing for integration. \r\n\r\nThe Flat Hat takes this opportunity to express its acceptance of any student without regard to race, color, or creed simply on the basis of his good character and good mind. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"829"},["text","Swem Special Collections"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"831"},["text","May 10, 1963 \r\nWilliam and Mary Flat Hat Volume 52, Number 27"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"833"},["text","William and Mary Flat Hat"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"835"},["text","May 10, 1963"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"837"},["text","Hannah Freeman, metadata and transcription"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"27"},["name","Civil Rights Era"]],["tag",{"tagId":"305"},["name","college campus"]],["tag",{"tagId":"287"},["name","Flat Hat"]],["tag",{"tagId":"99"},["name","integration"]],["tag",{"tagId":"307"},["name","opinion poll"]],["tag",{"tagId":"303"},["name","petition"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3"},["name","William and Mary"]],["tag",{"tagId":"111"},["name","Williamsburg"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"179","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"195"},["src","http://s3.amazonaws.com/wmit-omeka-lemonlab%2Foriginal%2F4486f985a25d4c4f27802ef104480f75.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIG7BW2LYNOS34VQA&Expires=1711624899&Signature=sF%2F%2F2Sj9wxOXndp6Uo6b9fMz5M8%3D"],["authentication","337ecaaa048e073255bd674beff20281"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"19"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1003"},["text","A Criticism"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1005"},["text","Truly the South has on her hands a real problem. This problem lies in the one question; namely, what shall we do with the negro or better still what shall we do for the negro. This question has been before the face of the humanitarians of the South ever since the emancipation. Many people have tried to do too much and only in a few intellectual centers has the happy medium have been adopted. Now there is no doubt that it is the duty of the South to do everything that she can for the negro and his race. How must she go about this problem? Who is to do the work?\r\n \tFor many many years both the white and the colored children have grown up with some kind of hatred for each other. What causes this is hard to say unless it is, that children are taught this early in life and when they grow older the hatred seems to be innate. Why they are taught in this manner is due to the lack of squareness of the superior race towards the inferior one. The colored race feels it and they have shown it pretty forcibly. The white race knows to some extent the inferiority of the colored race and they have taught their children not to associate with or to have anything whatsoever to do with the colored children. Hence the weaker and inferior have been walked and trampled down by the stronger and the superior. This spirit towards one race by the other has been handed down for generations. We, the people of the South cannot boast ourselves as knowing all about the negro and his race. There is an old proverb which says, that there is a little bit of good in every man. There is some good in the negro and and [sic] it can be put to some excellent good if it is properly nourished and cared for. The negro is beginning to see the value of education and he wants it. His race is not strong enough to put on foot an educational system sufficient to provide for the needs of the many useful colored children in the South.\r\n \tThe providing of an educational system for the negro is the duty of the white race of the South. How can we never make a real social being of the negro if we do not give to him those fundamentals essential to society. We proud Southerners have been a bit partial towards the negro. We feel that we are justified in this to a certain extent. Let us thow [throw] to the incinerator all these partialities. Let us look upon the negro as a brother in need of help mentally, physically and morally. Let us all deal with him from that point of view. We do not have to make the negro our social equal to do this. The white race can give to the negro what he needs, it can give him a fair deal and not elevate his race to our social equal.\r\n \tGentlemen of the South, the negro is a part of our civil make up. Let us all give to him freely what he needs and we will not be ashamed of the negro when we see the results. College men can help in solving this problem and it is earnestly hoped that William and Mary men will take some part in learning about this problem and putting it in practice.\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1007"},["text","Swem Special Collections"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1009"},["text","March 20, 1918\r\nThe Flat Hat Vol. 7 No. 18"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1011"},["text","William and Mary Flat Hat"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1013"},["text","March 20, 1918"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1015"},["text","Dana Moore, metadata and transcription"]]]]]]]],["item",{"itemId":"272","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"282"},["src","http://s3.amazonaws.com/wmit-omeka-lemonlab%2Foriginal%2Fdd26fd3b33940abea09173c4742932ea.JPG?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIG7BW2LYNOS34VQA&Expires=1711624899&Signature=jJ%2BRXtjZZRKj9aJLMkk%2FaGK2zmM%3D"],["authentication","3d3b482f67eaa1689b13bf45f31a435a"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"28"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1622"},["text","Legacy 3 Interviews"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1624"},["text","Ravynn Stringfield"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1762"},["text","Oral History/Interviews with Karen Ely, Lynn Briley, and Janet Brown Strafer, the first three residential African American students."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1764"},["text","The Lemon Project Branch Out"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1766"},["text","January 13-15 2018"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1768"},["text","Katherine Webb,\r\nShivani Gupta,\r\nLeonor Taylor Grave,\r\nKa'myia Gunn,\r\nAngela Tiangio,\r\nZoe Mollencop,\r\nAngela Rose West,\r\nClaudia Segura,\r\nDana Moore,\r\nLydia Dolvin,\r\nTy'leik Brandon,\r\nMarina Schlosser"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"6"},["name","Still Image"],["description","A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials."]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1686"},["text","A Walk through the Past"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"49"},["name","Subject"],["description","The topic of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1688"},["text","Pictures with the Legacy 3 "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1690"},["text","Taking candids of the Legacy 3 walking from Blow Hall to Wren. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1692"},["text","Ty'leik Brandon"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1694"},["text","Dana Moore"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"1696"},["text","Picture"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"263"},["name","African-American"]],["tag",{"tagId":"99"},["name","integration"]],["tag",{"tagId":"454"},["name","WMLegacy50"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"35","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"31"},["src","http://s3.amazonaws.com/wmit-omeka-lemonlab%2Foriginal%2F05d2550eb34937dafd15edb113f085c8.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIG7BW2LYNOS34VQA&Expires=1711624899&Signature=wjvIWAtE7js5U0%2Br%2B%2BmFlMSUbfQ%3D"],["authentication","98d73b2d9af1cecc9bb3c1afb336de4b"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"15"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"51"},["text","Freedom to Learn: African American Education in 20th Century Tidewater, VA"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"185"},["text","This exhibit came out of a project made for the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg in celebration of their event Let Freedom Ring! Students from William and Mary's Branch Out collaborated with the Lemon Project to choose materials from Special Collections which would highlight African American education at the College of William and Mary, in Williamsburg, and in the greater Tidewater region. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"187"},["text","The Lemon Project\r\nWilliam and Mary Branch Out\r\nSwem Special Collections"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"189"},["text","Swem Special Collections"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"191"},["text","The Lemon Project"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"193"},["text","Ari Weinberg\r\nAmanda Stuckey \r\nJody Allen\r\nAnne Davis\r\nNoella Handley\r\nAnissa Chams-Eddine\r\nGagan Jathoul\r\n Cathy Xiong\r\nKatherine Webb\r\nArvin Alaigh\r\nTiera Lanford\r\nCarrie Martin\r\nRachel Neely "]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"59"},["text","ACTUAL ENROLLMENT AS OF MARCH 30, 1963 AND ESTIMAMTED ENROLLMENT FOR THE SCHOOL YEARS 1964-1965 AND 1967-68\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"119"},["text","This 1963 enrollment report from the Stella Neiman papers (a Williamsburg City Council member and Williamsburg-James City County Schools Board member) showed the current and projected enrollment of white and black students from grades 1-12 in Williamsburg. The categorization of White and Negro schools demonstrates that even nine years after the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ruling, public schools in Williamsburg remained officially segregated. This report includes a discussion about building new schools. The impact of segregation can be seen in that white students had three schools while black students only had two. This report shows that a new high school for black students would be built, whereas before all grade levels were taught in the Bruton Heights School. While definitely representing a form of progress for the black community, this act also represents an attempt to maintain segregation. In response to national desegregation policies, a few black students from the Bruton Heights School were enrolled at the white James Blair high school in 1965. However, rather than fully integrating the high school, the all-black Berkeley High School was built for the remaining students. Furthermore, funds and resources were directed more towards the white schools. For example, the report says that “the most workable arrangement would be to secure funds to make an addition to James Blair.” Rather than allocating funds to expand the black schools, preexisting facilities were reused, and the Berkeley high school even had its capacity reduced from 675 to 600 students.\r\n \r\nAdditional Information obtained from “A History of Black Education and Bruton Heights School, Williamsburg, Virginia” by Linda H. Rowe\r\n\r\n"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"121"},["text","1965"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"123"},["text","Cathy Xiong and Noella Handley, description\r\nAri Weinberg, metadata "]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"105"},["name","chart"]],["tag",{"tagId":"93"},["name","education"]],["tag",{"tagId":"99"},["name","integration"]],["tag",{"tagId":"109"},["name","school board"]],["tag",{"tagId":"107"},["name","Stella Neiman"]],["tag",{"tagId":"111"},["name","Williamsburg"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"25","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"19"},["src","http://s3.amazonaws.com/wmit-omeka-lemonlab%2Foriginal%2Fc62637648c530ad97ed97173c6ecb304.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIG7BW2LYNOS34VQA&Expires=1711624899&Signature=GTOJYTYX7GA43WbPlLvC4AfPp6k%3D"],["authentication","91d698000c25206a0df4ecd785c345d2"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"15"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"51"},["text","Freedom to Learn: African American Education in 20th Century Tidewater, VA"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"185"},["text","This exhibit came out of a project made for the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg in celebration of their event Let Freedom Ring! Students from William and Mary's Branch Out collaborated with the Lemon Project to choose materials from Special Collections which would highlight African American education at the College of William and Mary, in Williamsburg, and in the greater Tidewater region. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"187"},["text","The Lemon Project\r\nWilliam and Mary Branch Out\r\nSwem Special Collections"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"189"},["text","Swem Special Collections"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"191"},["text","The Lemon Project"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"193"},["text","Ari Weinberg\r\nAmanda Stuckey \r\nJody Allen\r\nAnne Davis\r\nNoella Handley\r\nAnissa Chams-Eddine\r\nGagan Jathoul\r\n Cathy Xiong\r\nKatherine Webb\r\nArvin Alaigh\r\nTiera Lanford\r\nCarrie Martin\r\nRachel Neely "]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"47"},["text","Affirmative Action Report, 1973"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"69"},["text"," \tSubmitted on October 17, 1973, this summary of Affirmative Action initiatives at the College provides a thorough look into the attempt to stimulate a higher minority influence on campus, specifically in the faculty. From the first section, Structure and Administration, the College vaguely recognizes past prejudices and notes “in recent years, the College has sought to be responsive to the correction of [racial] imbalances, and to do this through processes of change that are not seriously disruptive to the character, continuity, stability, and long-term strength” (I-1). The Affirmative Action papers are simultaneously righteous, traditional, and aggressively liberal. They focus on change in administrative, social, economic, and academic areas. For example, the papers appear to offer childbearing leave for both sexes, but actually counts it as personal leave. In another case, the College counted black women as “Minorities” not “Women” in an attempt to increase their minority count. In fact, almost half of the papers focus on the role of women at the College. The school seems to be attempting to welcome women and minorities such as by providing an orientation program, priority for College housing, and equal opportunity facilities. This document often proposes conflicting views on the topic of Affirmative Action, as is exemplified by this statement: “the College feels that minorities must not only find their employment acceptable, but [it is] important for them to feel integrated into the mainstream of life at the College. In the quest for a broadened diversity, we do not want to sacrifice—with either minorities or women—the goal of larger community.”"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"71"},["text","Office of the President, College of William and Mary"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"48"},["name","Source"],["description","A related resource from which the described resource is derived"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"73"},["text","Swem Special Collections "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"75"},["text","Anissa Chams-Eddine and Gagan Jathoul, description \r\nAri Weinberg, metadata "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"97"},["text","1973"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"31"},["name","affirmative action"]],["tag",{"tagId":"33"},["name","higher education"]],["tag",{"tagId":"35"},["name","policy report"]],["tag",{"tagId":"29"},["name","racial justice"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3"},["name","William and Mary"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"133","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"137"},["src","http://s3.amazonaws.com/wmit-omeka-lemonlab%2Foriginal%2F162425b40229cc7528ebaa4bd94e3b69.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIG7BW2LYNOS34VQA&Expires=1711624899&Signature=U41mM4veAPf%2BmElfRdKKF%2Ba8ClY%3D"],["authentication","f4e8420a6a8bd95cbd64db5c98fe14be"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"19"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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\"ARE WE GOING COLOR BLIND?
No question of the present generation is of such vital importance to the white race, or so dependent upon education as a remedy as that of the amalgamation of the two races who have lived side by side in one country for the past three hundred years. Will the United States prove the single exception in the history of the world of two races living together without admixture of the two? Dr. W. A. Plecker, State Registrar of Vital Statistics of Virginia, thinks that such is impossible.
In the South, and especially in Virginia, we are brought face to face with the problem of race relations between the white and black races in a striking manner. Today Virginia has a negro population which makes up from 25 to 37 per cent of the total of the State. While this is somewhat lower than the negro population of most of our Southern States, it is a large enough per cent to present a problem of no little weight. The advent of higher education for the negro has magnified the problem to a great extent--a problem which will determine the future status of the North Americans of the future to no small degree. While it is true that the educated negro shows more pride in his race, we cannot overlook the teaching of social equality which can have but one ultimate result--inter-marriage--unless the whites of the country are taught the meaning and priceless heritage which they possess in a pure white race.
Nineteen States and the District of Columbia have turned a deaf ear to the appeal for the enaction of laws which would prohibit the inter-marriage of whites and blacks. They have, by their failure to act, sanctioned the teaching of equality which will result in the lowering of the higher race to the level of the lower, for such amalgamation can be nothing but a boiling pot which would reduce all to the same level.
The question is one to be considered by the college student of all sections. The preservation of the race will depend to a great extent upon us.
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Print."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"703"},["text","The William and Mary Flat Hat"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"705"},["text","April 17, 1925"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"707"},["text","Courtney Bishop, Transcription and Metadata"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"807"},["text","Swem Special Collections"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"239"},["name","1925"]],["tag",{"tagId":"93"},["name","education"]],["tag",{"tagId":"237"},["name","intermarriage"]],["tag",{"tagId":"241"},["name","miscegenation"]],["tag",{"tagId":"115"},["name","William and Mary Flat Hat"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"143","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"159"},["src","http://s3.amazonaws.com/wmit-omeka-lemonlab%2Foriginal%2Ff9da382d6f6eb87d8a0bd9e0699a13e8.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIG7BW2LYNOS34VQA&Expires=1711624899&Signature=iwp%2F%2FCfNCz1byu25v0vsYS%2Bmfh8%3D"],["authentication","e4d2f769ce210e97eceb8f1579c8ad5d"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"13"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"291"},["text","The Lemon Project"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"293"},["text","The Lemon Project"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"295"},["text","This collection began December, 2016, but materials start as early as January, 2016. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"297"},["text","Ari Weinberg, metadata\r\nAri Weinberg, image downloads"]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"757"},["text","Arts Workshop, Branch Out 2017 "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"759"},["text","Individual pictured: Ravynn Stringfield "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"39"},["name","Creator"],["description","An entity primarily responsible for making the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"761"},["text","Ari Weinberg"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"763"},["text","The Lemon Project"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"765"},["text","January 15, 2017"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"37"},["name","Contributor"],["description","An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"767"},["text","Ari Weinberg, photographer and metadata"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"199"},["name","2017"]],["tag",{"tagId":"129"},["name","Branch Out"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"101","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"91"},["src","http://s3.amazonaws.com/wmit-omeka-lemonlab%2Foriginal%2Fcd1fc859a339fbaced3b972920e86a20.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIG7BW2LYNOS34VQA&Expires=1711624899&Signature=f10xYMsztRqOAlcKo27hH6%2F50ZY%3D"],["authentication","57e8b18dccd37ac03b8b0cfe0e0045f2"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"1"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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