Browse Items (12 total)
- Collection: Freedom to Learn: African American Education in 20th Century Tidewater, VA
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End School Segregation Now! Communist Flyer
Less than a month after the Brown vs. Board of Education decision was announced in May 1954, this flyer was published and circulated by the Communist Party of Norfolk. On this flyer, the Communist Party endorses desegregation on the grounds that it…
Affirmative Action Report, 1973
Submitted on October 17, 1973, this summary of Affirmative Action initiatives at the College provides a thorough look into the attempt to stimulate a higher minority influence on campus, specifically in the faculty. From the first section,…
William and Mary Flat Hat, 1945
This editorial from the Flat Hat (William & Mary student run newspaper) prompted the temporary suspension of the paper from publication, according to a 1985 publication called The Black Presence at William and Mary. Editor-in-chief Marilyn Kaemmerle…
COUNTIES IN WHICH DESEGREGATION IS IN EFFECT, SPRING, 1960
This map shows the counties with desegregation in effect as of spring 1960. The states with the most counties integrated with actual black pupils in schools or non-discriminatory acceptance were Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma,…
Garland Grey Letter to Senator Byrd
May 29, 1954
This is a letter authored by Garland Gray, a Virginia State Senator from the mid-20th century, and loyalist to the “Byrd political machine” that was crucial to the preservation of segregation throughout the state. He writes this on behalf of the…
ACTUAL ENROLLMENT AS OF MARCH 30, 1963 AND ESTIMAMTED ENROLLMENT FOR THE SCHOOL YEARS 1964-1965 AND 1967-68
This 1963 enrollment report from the Stella Neiman papers (a Williamsburg City Council member and Williamsburg-James City County Schools Board member) showed the current and projected enrollment of white and black students from grades 1-12 in…
The Black Presence at William and Mary, 1985
“Indeed, the sense of history and tradition, which is so alive at the College, sometimes excludes black students, who comprise about 4 percent of the total student population.”
When black students were finally admitted to the College on a…
When black students were finally admitted to the College on a…
Miriam Johnson Carter Application Materials
These letters highlight the correspondence between Miriam J. Carter, a female African-American teacher, and faculty at William and Mary regarding her admission for graduate study. The entire exchange includes over 12 letters sent between June and…
Images of Virginia Schoolchildren, 1915
These pictures depict the difference between white and black education at the start of the 20th century. Although the educational standard was “separate but equal,” the building of the Black school lacked even basic resources compared to the…